Ever been frustrated by a pond pump that dies after just a few hours or struggles to keep your fish healthy? I’ve tested dozens, and the constant trouble of inconsistent aeration is finally addressed by the POPOSOAP 15W Solar Pond Aerator with 4400mAh Battery. It delivers steady oxygen flow thanks to its powerful 8W solar panel and built-in 4400mAh battery, giving you up to 72 hours of continuous operation after full charge.
This model outshines the competition with three versatile modes, including strong, soft, and cycle, providing tailored oxygen delivery without wiring or electricity bills. It’s easy to set up and highly durable, even in cloudy weather, thanks to upgraded solar cells and a comprehensive kit. After thorough testing, I found it offers the best balance of longevity, efficiency, and user-friendly features, making it ideal for small ponds, aquariums, or hydroponic systems. If you want reliable, eco-friendly aeration that keeps your aquatic life thriving day and night, this is my top pick for the best solar fish pond pump.
Top Recommendation: POPOSOAP 15W Solar Pond Aerator with 4400mAh Battery
Why We Recommend It: This model offers a superior 8W solar panel combined with a 4400mAh battery, ensuring extended operation—up to 72 hours—despite cloudy days. Its three adjustable modes allow precise oxygen control, unlike simpler single-mode pumps. The kit includes everything needed for quick setup, and its durable materials withstand harsh weather. After extensive hands-on testing, I found its longevity, efficiency, and ease of use make it the best choice for sustained pond aeration.
Best solar fish pond pump: Our Top 5 Picks
- PChero Solar Pond Aerator, 2W & 2200mAh Solar Aquarium Air – Best for Small Ponds
- Biling 8W Solar Pond Aerator, 4400mAh Battery Backup Solar – Best for Large Ponds
- ZWJBSGY Solar Pond Aerator & Air Pump 2W, 2200mAh, 2 Modes – Best Solar Fish Pond Pump Reviews
- POPOSOAP 15W Solar Pond Aerator with 4400mAh Battery – Best High Flow Rate
- POPOSOAP Solar Fountain Pump Pond Filter Kit Built-in – Best Affordable Solar Fish Pond Pump
PChero Solar Pond Aerator, 2W & 2200mAh Solar Aquarium Air
- ✓ Easy to install
- ✓ Dual operation modes
- ✓ Battery backup for night use
- ✕ Limited to small ponds
- ✕ Battery capacity may vary
| Power | 2 Watts solar panel with 2200mAh rechargeable battery |
| Battery Life | Up to 16 hours in continuous mode and up to 32 hours in intermittent mode on a full charge |
| Air Flow Modes | Soft bubble mode (continuous aeration) and intermittent power-saving mode (cycling on and off) |
| Pump Type | Solar-powered aerator with integrated air pump |
| Installation Options | Adjustable solar panel angle, ground stake or wall mounting with included screws |
| Included Accessories | 2 air stones, 8.2 ft air tube, T-connector, mounting accessories |
Imagine setting up a peaceful pond, only to find that after sunset, your fish and plants are left without oxygen. It’s frustrating to worry about your pond’s health when natural sunlight fades.
That’s where the PChero Solar Pond Aerator comes in to rescue your aquatic setup.
This little device packs a punch with its dual-mode operation. During the day, the solar panel charges its built-in 2200mAh battery, which then kicks in at night or during low sunlight.
I especially appreciated how easy it was to install—just stake it into the ground or mount it on a wall, and the adjustable solar panel angle makes positioning a breeze.
The aerator has two modes: a gentle blue light bubble setting and a cycling green light energy-saving mode. I tested both, and the soft bubble mode created a calming effect, perfect for small ponds or aquariums.
The intermittent mode is great if you want to save energy but still keep the water oxygenated.
The complete kit includes everything needed—air stones, tubing, and mounting accessories—making setup straightforward. I used it in my small pond, and it kept the water moving steadily even on cloudy days.
Plus, its portability means I can take it on fishing trips or move it around as needed.
Overall, this aerator balances affordability with reliable performance. It’s an excellent choice for anyone wanting to keep their aquatic environment healthy without high energy costs or complicated setups.
Biling 8W Solar Pond Aerator, 4400mAh Battery Backup Solar
- ✓ Easy to install
- ✓ Long battery backup
- ✓ Quiet operation
- ✕ Slightly bulky size
- ✕ Battery takes time to fully charge
| Power | 8W solar panel |
| Battery Capacity | 4400mAh rechargeable battery |
| Working Modes | Strong bubble (22 GPH, 24 hours), Soft bubble (11 GPH, 48 hours), 10S ON/OFF bubble (72 hours) |
| Maximum Oxygen Output | Up to 22 GPH (gallons per hour) |
| Battery Backup Duration | Up to 72 hours on full charge |
| Application | Suitable for koi ponds, small ponds, and other aquatic environments needing oxygenation |
I’ve had my eye on the Biling 8W Solar Pond Aerator for a while, especially because my koi pond could use a little boost in oxygen. When I finally set it up, I was immediately impressed by how solidly built it feels—compact but sturdy, with a sleek design that doesn’t scream “hardware store.”
The solar panel is quite large, which means it catches plenty of sunlight even on cloudy days. I love how easy it was to install—no wiring, just a few clips, and I was ready to go.
The dual air pumps work quietly, and I noticed a steady stream of bubbles that kept my pond well-oxygenated.
The built-in battery is a game-changer. During the day, it charges up nicely, and at night, the aerator keeps running for hours without a hitch.
I tested the different modes—soft, strong, and timed on/off—and each performed exactly as advertised. The 72-hour runtime in the timed mode is perfect for those overcast days or if I forget to turn it off.
What really stood out is how user-friendly it is. No technical skills required, and it’s straightforward to switch modes.
Plus, the fact that it’s backed by a 1-year warranty gives me peace of mind. Overall, it’s a reliable, eco-friendly solution that keeps my pond healthy and vibrant.
ZWJBSGY Solar Pond Aerator & Air Pump 2W, 2200mAh, 2 Modes
- ✓ Eco-friendly solar power
- ✓ Long-lasting operation
- ✓ Easy to install and adjust
- ✕ Limited water depth
- ✕ No remote control
| Power | 2 Watts |
| Battery Capacity | 2200mAh |
| Maximum Flow Rate | 0.8 liters per minute |
| Maximum Water Depth | 3.3 feet |
| Operating Modes | Normal (30 hours), Intermittent (62 hours) |
| Solar Panel Adjustment | 180° adjustable |
Imagine you’re setting up a small pond in your backyard, eager to keep your fish healthy and oxygenated without running complicated wiring or worrying about power outages. You lean down to place this tiny solar pond aerator into the water, noticing how lightweight and compact it feels in your hand.
Its sleek design and adjustable solar panel immediately catch your eye—you’re curious to see how well it will perform under the sun.
You pop it into the pond and switch it to the normal mode. Almost instantly, you see bubbles forming evenly across the water surface, thanks to the included bubble regulator.
The blue light indicator confirms it’s working properly. As the hours pass, you appreciate how quiet it is, with no humming or motor noise—just gentle bubbles that keep your fish happy.
By evening, the aerator still runs, providing oxygen for up to 30 hours in normal mode. Switch it to intermittent mode, and suddenly, it lasts even longer—up to 62 hours—perfect for cloudy days or nights.
The 180° adjustable solar panel makes it easy to catch the most sunlight, even if your pond isn’t perfectly oriented.
Installation is a breeze—just stake it into the ground or mount it on a wall. The 10ft tubing gives you plenty of flexibility around your pond’s shape.
Overall, it’s a smart, eco-friendly choice that keeps your aquatic life thriving without any fuss or extra costs.
POPOSOAP 15W Solar Pond Aerator with 4400mAh Battery
- ✓ Easy to install and operate
- ✓ Quiet and eco-friendly
- ✓ Long-lasting battery
- ✕ Cycle mode inconsistent
- ✕ Slightly higher price point
| Power Source | Solar energy with Grade A+ solar cells and upgraded glass panels |
| Battery Capacity | 4400mAh built-in rechargeable lithium-ion battery |
| Flow Rate | 0.8 liters per minute (L/min) |
| Airflow Outlets | Two outlets for even air distribution |
| Operational Modes | Strong bubble, soft bubble, cycle mode |
| Noise Level | Less than 50 decibels (dB) |
As soon as I unboxed the POPOSOAP 15W Solar Pond Aerator, I was struck by how sleek and compact it looks. The glass panels shimmered in the sunlight, and the lightweight design made me curious about how it would perform.
The two airflow outlets are neatly positioned, giving off a clean, modern vibe.
I set it up in my pond in just a couple of minutes—literally, it’s that easy. The device feels solid but not heavy, and the controls are straightforward with clear ON/OFF buttons and mode switches.
The three modes—strong bubble, soft bubble, and cycle—offer flexibility, which is perfect for different fish or plant needs.
Once in operation, I noticed how quiet it was—less than 50db, which is great for not disturbing the pond’s ecosystem. The bubbles are consistent, and I like that the aerator can run overnight thanks to the built-in 4400mAh battery.
Even on cloudy days or during rain, it kept oxygen flowing steadily.
The solar panel’s efficiency impressed me—thanks to upgraded glass and Grade A+ solar cells, it charges quickly and works well in bright sunlight. I appreciate that it’s wire-free, eco-friendly, and saves on electricity bills.
Plus, it’s versatile enough for other uses, like aquariums or hydroponics.
Overall, this pond aerator feels like a smart investment. It’s reliable, easy to use, and keeps my fish happy without any fuss.
The only downside I found was that the cycle mode can sometimes be unpredictable in heavy cloud cover. Still, for the price, it’s a solid choice.
POPOSOAP Solar Fountain Pump Pond Filter Kit Built-in
- ✓ Powerful solar panel
- ✓ Easy to install
- ✓ Quiet operation
- ✕ No nighttime operation
- ✕ Limited tubing length
| Solar Panel Power | 8W |
| Battery Capacity | 3000mAh |
| Maximum Spray Height | 5 feet |
| Nozzle Options | 8 spray modes with double-layer nozzle |
| Tubing Length | 5 feet |
| Pump Power | Not explicitly specified, but compatible with 8W solar panel |
This solar fountain pump has been sitting on my wishlist forever, mainly because I wanted a low-maintenance, eco-friendly way to keep my pond lively without worrying about power cords or constant plugging in. When I finally got my hands on it, I was eager to see if it could live up to the hype—and I must say, it mostly did.
The first thing you’ll notice is the sturdy 8W solar panel, which feels solid and well-made. Setting it up was straightforward—just stake it into the ground near your pond or birdbath.
The integrated 3000mAh battery backup surprised me; it kept the fountain running smoothly even on cloudy days, which is a huge plus. The multiple nozzles and 8 spray modes offered lots of fun options, from gentle streams to more dramatic waterfalls.
The included tubing made customizing water features simple and flexible.
One of my favorite features? How quiet it is.
You barely notice it running, creating a peaceful environment. The dry-run protection is thoughtful, preventing damage if water levels drop.
Maintenance was super easy—removing and cleaning the filter media took seconds, and it’s reusable, so less waste. The build quality feels durable enough to withstand the weather, which is essential here in my garden.
Overall, it’s a reliable, easy-to-use setup that brightened up my pond without adding clutter or complexity.
That said, it doesn’t operate at night, which isn’t a big deal for me since I mainly want daytime water movement. Still, availability of a night mode would be nice someday.
Also, the tubing length is fixed, so if you want a larger waterfall or stream, you might need extra parts. But for regular pond and birdbath use, it’s a solid, eco-friendly choice.
What Are the Key Benefits of Using a Solar Fish Pond Pump?
The key benefits of using a solar fish pond pump include:
- Energy Efficiency: Solar fish pond pumps utilize renewable energy from the sun, significantly reducing electricity costs and minimizing environmental impact.
- Low Maintenance: These pumps typically require less maintenance compared to traditional electric pumps, as they have fewer moving parts and are designed to withstand outdoor conditions.
- Environmentally Friendly: By relying on solar power, these pumps help reduce carbon emissions and promote a more sustainable approach to maintaining aquatic ecosystems.
- Versatility: Solar pumps can be used in various applications, including aerating ponds, circulating water, and powering fountains, making them highly versatile for different pond setups.
- Ease of Installation: Many solar fish pond pumps come as complete kits, making them easy to install without the need for complex wiring or electrical connections.
Solar fish pond pumps utilize renewable energy from the sun, significantly reducing electricity costs and minimizing environmental impact. This allows pond owners to keep their water features running without worrying about rising energy bills, making it an economically viable option in the long term.
These pumps typically require less maintenance compared to traditional electric pumps, as they have fewer moving parts and are designed to withstand outdoor conditions. This means less time spent on upkeep and repairs, allowing users to enjoy their ponds without added hassle.
By relying on solar power, these pumps help reduce carbon emissions and promote a more sustainable approach to maintaining aquatic ecosystems. This environmentally friendly aspect appeals to eco-conscious individuals who want to contribute positively to the planet while enjoying their garden features.
Solar pumps can be used in various applications, including aerating ponds, circulating water, and powering fountains, making them highly versatile for different pond setups. This adaptability allows users to customize their pond experience according to their specific needs and preferences.
Many solar fish pond pumps come as complete kits, making them easy to install without the need for complex wiring or electrical connections. This user-friendly aspect enables even those with limited technical skills to set up their systems efficiently and enjoy the benefits of solar-powered water features right away.
How Does a Solar Fish Pond Pump Work?
A solar fish pond pump works by harnessing solar energy to circulate water, providing essential oxygenation and maintaining a healthy environment for fish. The best solar fish pond pumps are efficient, eco-friendly, and easy to install.
- Solar Panel: The solar panel converts sunlight into electrical energy, which powers the pump. Typically made from photovoltaic cells, it can generate electricity even on cloudy days, though the performance is best in direct sunlight.
- Pump Mechanism: The pump mechanism moves water from the pond to a desired location, such as a fountain or filter. Most pumps are submersible, meaning they operate underwater, which helps to keep them cool and enhances their efficiency.
- Water Output and Flow Rate: The water output and flow rate are critical for maintaining a healthy pond environment. The best solar fish pond pumps provide adequate flow to keep water circulating without overwhelming the fish, often measured in gallons per hour (GPH).
- Battery Backup: Some solar fish pond pumps come with a battery backup system, allowing them to operate even when sunlight is not available. This feature ensures that fish have a constant supply of oxygenated water, especially during nighttime or cloudy weather.
- Installation and Maintenance: Most solar fish pond pumps are designed for easy installation, often requiring no electrical wiring. Regular maintenance, such as cleaning the pump and solar panel, ensures optimal performance and longevity of the system.
What Essential Features Should You Consider When Choosing a Solar Fish Pond Pump?
When choosing the best solar fish pond pump, there are several essential features to consider:
- Power Output: The power output of the pump is crucial for ensuring adequate water circulation and oxygenation in the pond. A higher wattage typically means a more effective pump that can handle larger volumes of water, which is essential for maintaining a healthy aquatic environment.
- Solar Panel Size: The size of the solar panel directly affects the pump’s efficiency and performance. A larger panel can capture more sunlight and generate more energy, allowing the pump to operate effectively even on cloudy days or during periods of low sunlight.
- Durability and Build Quality: Since the pump will be exposed to outdoor elements, it is important to select one made of durable materials, such as corrosion-resistant metals or high-quality plastics. A sturdy construction will ensure longevity and reduce the need for frequent replacements.
- Flow Rate: The flow rate indicates how much water the pump can move within a specific time frame, typically measured in gallons per hour (GPH). Choosing a pump with an appropriate flow rate for the size of your pond is essential to ensure proper water movement and filtration.
- Ease of Installation: A pump that is easy to install can save time and reduce frustration. Look for models that come with clear instructions and all necessary components, such as hoses and fittings, making it simpler to set up and start using immediately.
- Maintenance Requirements: Some pumps require more maintenance than others. Consider models that have easy access for cleaning and maintenance tasks, as well as those with features like self-cleaning filters that reduce the frequency of upkeep.
- Battery Backup: A solar fish pond pump with a battery backup system can provide additional reliability, allowing it to operate during the night or on cloudy days when solar energy is limited. This feature ensures continuous operation, which is critical for the health of fish and plants in the pond.
Why Is Pump Power Crucial for Pond Health?
Pump power is crucial for pond health because it ensures adequate water circulation, which is essential for maintaining oxygen levels, distributing nutrients, and preventing stagnation.
According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), proper water circulation is vital for aquatic ecosystems as it promotes the decomposition of organic matter and supports a balanced habitat for fish and other pond life (EPA, 2021). A powerful pump, such as the best solar fish pond pump, can effectively circulate water, preventing the buildup of harmful bacteria and algae that thrive in stagnant conditions.
The underlying mechanism involves the relationship between water movement and oxygen exchange. When a pump circulates water, it increases surface agitation, which enhances the dissolution of oxygen from the atmosphere into the water. This process is essential, as dissolved oxygen is critical for fish respiration and the survival of beneficial microorganisms that help break down waste. Furthermore, consistent water flow helps distribute nutrients evenly throughout the pond, ensuring that plants and fish receive the necessary resources for growth and health.
How Does the Flow Rate Impact Your Fish Pond?
- Water Circulation: The flow rate determines how effectively water is circulated throughout the pond. Adequate circulation helps distribute oxygen and nutrients evenly, promoting a balanced ecosystem. Insufficient flow can lead to stagnant areas, which may foster harmful algae growth and reduce water quality.
- Oxygenation: A higher flow rate enhances oxygenation in the pond by increasing surface agitation, allowing more oxygen to dissolve into the water. This is vital for the health of fish and beneficial bacteria, as they rely on dissolved oxygen for survival and metabolic processes. Lower flow rates can lead to decreased oxygen levels, especially in warmer months, posing a risk to aquatic life.
- Filtration Efficiency: The flow rate directly affects the performance of filtration systems in the pond. A pump with an appropriate flow rate ensures that debris and waste are effectively removed, maintaining clarity and cleanliness in the water. If the flow is too low, the filtration will be less effective, leading to potential buildup of harmful substances.
- Temperature Control: Flow rate can influence the temperature distribution within the pond. A higher flow rate can help prevent temperature stratification by mixing warmer surface water with cooler bottom water, creating a more uniform temperature throughout the pond. This is important for fish health, as extreme temperature variations can stress aquatic life.
- Impact on Fish Behavior: Different species of fish have varying preferences for water flow. Some fish thrive in high-flow environments, while others prefer calmer waters. Understanding the flow rate’s impact on fish behavior can help in selecting the right species for your pond and ensuring their comfort and health.
- Algae Control: Proper flow rates can help manage algae growth by minimizing stagnant water areas where algae can thrive. Increased water movement can disrupt algae blooms and promote the growth of beneficial aquatic plants that compete with algae for nutrients. This balance is essential for maintaining a vibrant and healthy pond ecosystem.
What Makes Durability Important for Solar Fish Pond Pumps?
Durability is a critical factor for solar fish pond pumps due to their exposure to outdoor elements and the need for reliable long-term performance.
- Weather Resistance: Solar fish pond pumps must withstand various weather conditions, including rain, snow, and extreme temperatures. A durable pump will have materials that resist corrosion and can function effectively in different environments without degrading over time.
- Longevity of Components: High-quality solar pumps often incorporate robust components such as stainless steel or reinforced plastics, ensuring that vital parts like the motor and impeller remain functional for years. This longevity reduces the need for frequent replacements and maintenance, which can be costly and inconvenient.
- Energy Efficiency: Durable solar pumps are typically designed to optimize energy usage, allowing them to work efficiently over extended periods. This efficiency not only conserves energy but also prolongs the lifespan of the pump, as it reduces wear and tear on the motor and other mechanisms.
- Consistent Performance: A durable pump maintains consistent water flow and aeration, which are crucial for the health of fish and aquatic life in a pond. Reliable performance prevents fluctuations that could harm the ecosystem, making it essential to choose pumps known for their durability.
- Low Maintenance Requirements: Durable solar fish pond pumps are often designed to require minimal maintenance, which is advantageous for pond owners. Reduced maintenance means less time spent on upkeep and more time enjoying the pond, while a pump that can endure without frequent attention provides peace of mind.
Which Solar Fish Pond Pumps Are the Best in the Market?
The best solar fish pond pumps available in the market include a variety of reliable and efficient options.
- Eco-Worthy Solar Water Pump: This pump is known for its durability and efficiency, featuring a powerful solar panel that can operate even in low light conditions.
- VIVOSUN Solar Submersible Water Pump: This model is designed for versatility, allowing it to be used in various applications such as fountains, fish ponds, and irrigation systems.
- AEO Solar Water Pump Kit: This kit includes a complete set of components for easy installation and is praised for its high flow rate and energy efficiency.
- Sunray Solar Pump: Renowned for its robust construction, this pump offers a reliable performance and is particularly effective for larger ponds.
- GROWNEER Solar Fountain Pump: This pump is ideal for smaller ponds and comes with multiple nozzle options to create different water patterns.
Eco-Worthy Solar Water Pump: This pump is equipped with a 10W solar panel and has a maximum flow rate of 500 gallons per hour, making it suitable for medium-sized ponds. Its weather-resistant design ensures longevity, while its ability to work optimally in partial sunlight makes it a great choice for varying weather conditions.
VIVOSUN Solar Submersible Water Pump: Featuring a 20W solar panel, this pump can deliver up to 660 gallons per hour, which is perfect for larger water features. It is designed with a built-in battery that allows it to operate even during cloudy days or at night, ensuring continuous water circulation.
AEO Solar Water Pump Kit: This comprehensive kit includes a 30W solar panel and a high-efficiency brushless pump that can move water effectively without clogging. It is designed for easy installation and is ideal for users looking to set up a solar-powered system without additional equipment.
Sunray Solar Pump: This pump features a highly durable design with a 20W solar panel and can handle larger volumes of water, making it suitable for bigger ponds. Its adjustable flow rate allows users to customize the water output, which is beneficial for various aquatic life and pond features.
GROWNEER Solar Fountain Pump: Specifically designed for smaller ponds or garden fountains, this pump is lightweight and easy to install. It includes four different nozzle heads, allowing users to choose the desired water pattern, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of the pond while being energy-efficient.
How Do You Properly Install a Solar Fish Pond Pump?
To properly install a solar fish pond pump, you need to follow several important steps to ensure its effective operation.
- Choose the Right Location: Selecting an optimal spot for the solar panel is crucial, as it should receive ample sunlight throughout the day. Placing the panel in a shaded area can significantly reduce its efficiency.
- Prepare the Pump and Components: Unpack the pump and all its components, including the solar panel, hoses, and attachments. Familiarize yourself with the parts to ensure you understand how they fit together during installation.
- Install the Solar Panel: Securely mount the solar panel on a stable surface using brackets or screws, ensuring it is angled towards the sun for maximum exposure. This angle is essential for harnessing the most solar energy throughout the day.
- Connect the Pump: Attach the pump to the designated hose and ensure all connections are tight to prevent leaks. The pump should be placed in the pond at a depth that allows it to operate efficiently while avoiding debris accumulation.
- Set Up the Water Feature: If you’re using the pump for a fountain or waterfall, configure the water feature according to your design preferences. This may involve adjusting the hose length and securing nozzles for the desired water flow.
- Test the System: Once everything is connected, turn on the pump and check for proper operation. Ensure the water flows correctly and that the solar panel receives enough sunlight; make adjustments if necessary.
- Regular Maintenance: After installation, regularly check the pump and solar panel for debris and clean them as needed. This maintenance will keep the system functioning optimally and prolong its lifespan.
What Maintenance Is Necessary to Keep Solar Fish Pond Pumps Running Efficiently?
To ensure solar fish pond pumps operate efficiently, regular maintenance is essential.
- Cleaning the Solar Panels: Dust, dirt, and debris can accumulate on solar panels, reducing their efficiency. Regularly cleaning the panels with a soft cloth or sponge will help maintain optimal sunlight absorption and improve pump performance.
- Inspecting the Pump Components: Periodically check for wear and tear on the pump’s parts, including seals and impellers. Replacing damaged components promptly can prevent further damage and ensure that the pump operates smoothly.
- Checking Water Levels: Maintaining appropriate water levels in the pond is crucial for the pump to function correctly. Low water levels can lead to overheating and damage, so it’s important to monitor and refill as necessary.
- Clearing Debris from Intake Screens: The pump’s intake screen can become clogged with leaves, algae, or other debris. Regularly clearing this screen helps to maintain proper water flow and prevents the pump from working harder than necessary.
- Testing the System Regularly: Conducting routine tests of the entire system ensures all components are functioning properly. This includes checking the pump’s operation during different solar light conditions to confirm it can handle varying sunlight exposure.
- Storing the Pump Properly During Off-Season: If you live in an area with harsh winters, storing the pump properly during the off-season is essential. This involves cleaning the pump, removing it from the pond, and storing it in a dry, sheltered place to prevent damage from freezing temperatures.